The Sociology Of Knowledge As An Essential Process Of Enquiry

The sociology of knowledge is a method used by sociologists to study human beliefs within a social framework. The process is utilised to develop an understanding of the methods society uses to select truths based on the perception of dominant knowledge. Although the sociology of knowledge is considered an essential process of enquiry, the methods and concepts have gained the least amount of recognition due to its complex nature. In its primary form, the sociology of knowledge mainly concentrated on theoretical explanation and scientific observation to understand knowledge systems. However, recent theories have widened the sociological process for a broader understanding of knowledge and the influence social institutions have towards†¦show more content†¦Durkheim’s analysis of religion was developed using principles of positivism and organicism (Hamilton 2014, p. 104). Positivism and methodological individualism were both consequences of liberal extremism, with their r oots in the political philosophy of the Enlightenment. During this period philosophy began to associate with science and rationality, leading to the creation of the social sciences (Hamilton 2014, pp. 103-104). In contrast, organicism was largely conservative and influenced by theology. This view explains that society is a divine creation; a transcendent and unwavering phenomenon (Hamilton 2014, p. 104). Durkheim combined these two traditions to develop his theory of knowledge and religion. By treating religion as a collective social experience, Durkheim positioned his analysis of human thought within the social environment (Hamilton 2014, p. 103; Repstad Furseth 2013, p. 32; Turner 2010, p. 54). Essentially, Durkheim regarded religion as a secondary form of scientific knowledge; a mental process linking human activity to the natural environment (Hamilton 2014, p. 103). He maintained that religion permeates into all areas of human life. Further, it divides society into sacred and profane areas that guide an individual (Hamilton 2014, p. 105). Durkheim’s use of the term sacred signifies religious articles and actions, and the participation in religious rituals. On the other hand, profane denotes all other areas of life outside of religion known as