Hype or reality Health and wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hype or reality Health and wellness - Essay Example ). The fact that competition has increased, is not only because of the desires of businesses to grow larger and better but also because of the ever growing unique needs and wants of consumers. These unique needs are a result of high level of awareness amongst consumers, which in turn is because of immense media proliferation, through internet, social networking sites, television, radio, print media, telephones etc (Top Ten Trends for Healthcare & Wellness in 2012 | HealthFlock). An aware consumer comprehends his needs better, identifies what is his requirement, and marketers or on large businesses, face the challenge to get into that consumer’s mind identify his needs and come up with such a combination of products and services as to satisfy that particular segment of large target market and sustain their aggressive approach towards understanding consumer needs (Top Ten Trends for Healthcare & Wellness in 2012 | HealthFlock). ... ellness is different in a way that it almost created a new canvas for itself to inflate in the industry that was a part of cosmetic beauty and medicine industry yet very different because of the amalgamation of ideas being brought together to generate the need in the minds of consumers (Market Trends Project More Growth for Wellness Industry | Company News | Wellsource). This was not an easy task to generate a need for a product or service which has many indirect competitors coming from several other fields of life and business, besides that the product offered was not a commodity but a luxury availed by the elites of societies, who had reserves of unlimited disposable income available to them all the time. A swift transition can strengthen the base of industry. Transition of health and wellness services to be perceived as an essential commodity for personal care, from the establishment time concept of it being a luxury item made for the entertainment of elitist classes of societies. Before moving on a few fact and figures related to industry, one must not forget to mention about the logic of ‘The Wellness Guru’, Paul Zane Pilzer, in his book ‘The Next Trillion’ claims that ‘more than half of the US population is unhealthy and overweight’ because of the health and wellness industry and the exponential growth in food industry (The Wellness Revolution). According to Paul Zane Pilzers’ ‘The Wellness Revolution’ $1.5 trillion of the US economy today is emerging from the wellness sector of the nation (The Wellness Revolution), while the Guru also extrapolates these figures to generate an estimated amount of $1 trillion additional to be invested in the sector by the end of year 2010, with the motive of ensuring a healthier, prettier and long lasting fresh

Corruption Essay Example for Free

Corruption Essay Introduction: If two or more persons meet together and start talking about the present society of India, they soon come to the conclusion that every system, every institution of India is infested with corruption. Corruption has become so common in public life that people are now averse to thinking of public life without this phenomenon. Meaning: But what does Corruption actually mean? Corruption means perversion of morality, integrity, character of duty out of mercenary motives (e.g. bribery) without regard to honour, right or justice. In public life, a corrupt person is one who bestows undue favor on someone with whom; he has monetary or other interests (e.g. nepotism). Simultaneously, those who genuinely deserve those things as their right remain deprived. Not a new phenomenon: Corruption in public life is not a modern phenomenon. It was prevalent in the political and civic life of even Maura period as has been discussed by Chanakya in the Arthassastra. (Give other examples)†¦ But it is only recently that Corruption has become remnant in our public life. People no longer protest against corrupt practices, fight injustice or express any shock when big scandals are exposed. Also corruption is not uniquely Indian phenomenon; it is witnessed all over the world (USA, Japan, Italy, etc.) Forms of corruption in India: Explain bribery, nepotism, theft and wastage of public property, dereliction of duty†¦ etc. Extent of corruption: Start with a hospital where a child is born and move further on to education – system, career opportunities, political system, judiciary, law and order, other day – to – day activities†¦ till post – modern report and crematorium. Results of corruption: Individual sufferings, people lose faith in the existing system, prevalence of chaos and ‘anarchy, society disintegrates, country becomes weak, foreign invasion may occur†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Causes of corruption: It is a vicious circle. Start with those politicians, who run the state, come down to higher officials†¦ then to the lowest rung of bureaucratic hierarchy. Lastly, come to the general people’. Who elect the† corrupt people as their representatives’ and expect special favors from them.

Juveniles Should Be Tried as Adults Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative

"Don't do the crime, if you can't do the time." -- David Grusin and Morgan Ames Much controversy exists on the question of whether a juvenile criminal should be punished to the same extent as an adult. Those who commit capitol crimes, including adolescents, should be penalized according to the law. Age should not be a factor in the case of serious crimes. Many people claim that the child did not know any better, or that he was brought up with the conception that this behavior is acceptable. Although there is some truth to these allegations, the reality of this social issue is far more complex. Therefore we ask the question, "Should childhood offenders of capitols crimes be treated as adults?" To begin with, numerous reasons for why a child acts in the manner he exhibits and why he continues to exert such dangerous and even fatal schemes. Recent research shows that factors ranging from inherited personality traits to chemical imbalances and damages suffered in the womb can increase the odds that a child will become violent (Johnson 234). Experts argue that no one is predestined to a life of crime. They believe that influences such as repeated abuse, extreme neglect, poverty, media violence, and easy access to guns play the major role in molding children into criminals. The father of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer wonders, "If potential for evil is in the blood that some of us pass on to our children" (Seifert 23). In the quiet New York town of Savona, Eric Smith, age thirteen, intercepted four year old Derrick Robie on his way to a park recreation program and offered to show him a shortcut. Hesitatingly, Derrick set off with Eric. He never made it to the park. That same day the little boy's savagely beaten body was discovered outside the park area (Seifert 98). Jon Venables and Robert Thompson of Liverpool, England, made international headlines in November of 1994, when they were convicted of murdering James Bulger, age two. The two boys, both ten at the time of the slaying, lured James away from his mother in a shopping mall, took him to a nearby railroad track, beat him brutally and left him to be cut in half by a train (Seifert 56). Many experts do not accept that biology alone creates children who kill. They believe that violence is a learned behavior. Being abused or witnessing domestic violence is an environmental factor in ju... ... The future of Crime in America. Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1987 Bidwell, Allie. "Report: School Crime and Violence Rise" U.S News & World Report, June 10, 2014 http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/06/10/incidents-of-school-crime-and-violence-on-the-rise-for-students-and-teachers Carmenati, Marlene â€Å"Youth and Crime: Is the young offenders working?† Law Now June/July 21-26. Eldelfonso, Edward. Law Enforcement and the youthful offenders: Juvenile Procedures. New York: Wiley 1967. Hyde, Margaret O. â€Å"Juvenile justice and Injustice† New York, New York Margaret O. Hyde, 1977. Johnson, Jason B. â€Å" Slain Teen’s family: Cops eyeing 7-10 suspects.† Boston Herald. 7 ,April 1995 Olney, Ross R. Up Against The Law. New York, New York: NAL Penguin Inc. 1985. Robinson, Lori S, and Jimmie Briggs â€Å"Kids and Violence† Emerge November. 1993:44+ Seifert, Kathryn. "How Children Become Violent" Acanthus Publishing; 1 edition 2006 Wilson, James and Herrnstein, Richard. "Crime & Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime" New York: Free Press, 1998. John P. Wright, Kà ¤ren M. Hess, Christine H. Orthmann. "Juvenile Justice." Cengage Learning; 6 edition, 2012

Ignou solved assignment 2014 Essay

Describe the evolutionary process of organization design and different perspectives of organization design and their relevance. Q. Explain the meaning and purpose of Job design and briefly discuss the impact technology has on Job design. Q. Discuss the purpose of organizational analysis and briefly describe the tools which could be used for organizational analysis and their effectiveness. Q. Identify different kinds of change which take place in organization and strategies which are used for change and their effectiveness. Discuss how resistance to change can be handled before implementing it. Give examples. Q. Discuss the process of institution building and the role of chief executive in institution building with an example. 1. Organization design-A process for improving the probability that an organization will be successful. More specifically, Organization Design is a formal, guided process for integrating the people, information and technology of an organization. It is used to match the form of the organization as closely as possible to the purpose(s) the organization seeks to achieve. Through the design process, organizations act to improve the probability that the collective efforts of members will be successful. Typically, design is approached as an internal change under the guidance of an external facilitator. Managers and members work together to define the needs of the organization then create systems to meet those needs most effectively. The facilitator assures that a systematic process is followed and encourages creative thinking. Hierarchical Systems Western organizations have been heavily influenced by the command and control structure of ancient military organizations, and by the turn of the century introduction of Scientific Management. Most organizations today are designed as a bureaucracy in which authority and responsibility are arranged in a hierarchy. Within the hierarchy rules, policies, and procedures are uniformly and impersonally applied to exert control over member behaviors. Activity is organized within sub-units (bureaus, or departments) in which people perform specialized functions such as manufacturing, sales, or accounting. People who perform similar tasks are clustered together. The same basic organizational form is assumed to be appropriate for any organization, be it a government, school, business, church, or fraternity. It is familiar, predictable, and rational. It is what comes immediately to mind when we discover that †¦ we really have to get organized! As familiar and rational as the functional hierarchy may be, there are distinct disadvantages to blindly applying the same form of organization to all purposeful groups. To understand the problem, begin by observing that different groups wish to achieve different outcomes. Second, observe that different groups have different members, and that each group possesses a different culture. These differences in desired outcomes, and in people, should alert us to the danger of assuming there is any single best way of organizing. To be complete, however, also observe that different groups will likely choose different methods through which they will achieve their purpose. Service groups will choose different methods than manufacturing groups, and both will choose different methods than groups whose purpose is primarily social. One structure cannot possibly fit all. , the form of organization must be matched to the purpose it seeks to achieve. The Design Process Organization design begins with the creation of a strategy — a set of decision guidelines by which members will choose appropriate actions. The strategy is derived from clear, concise statements of purpose, and vision, and from the organization’s basic philosophy. Strategy unifies the intent of the organization and focuses members toward actions designed to accomplish desired outcomes. The strategy encourages actions that support the purpose and discourages those that do not. Creating a strategy is planning, not organizing. To organize we must connect people with each other in meaningful and purposeful ways. Further, we must connect people with the information and technology necessary for them to be successful. Organization structure defines the formal relationships among people and specifies both their roles and their responsibilities. Administrative systems govern the organization through guidelines, procedures and policies. Information and technology define the process(es) through which members achieve outcomes. Each element must support each of the others and together they must support the organization’s purpose. Exercising Choice Organizations are an invention of man. They are contrived social systems through which groups seek to exert influence or achieve a stated purpose. People choose to organize when they recognize that by acting alone they are limited in their ability to achieve. We sense that by acting in concert we may overcome our individual limitations. When we organize we seek to direct, or pattern, the activities of a group of people toward a common outcome. How this pattern is designed and implemented greatly influences effectiveness. Patterns of activity that are complementary and interdependent are more likely to result in the achievement of intended outcomes. In contrast, activity patterns that are unrelated and independent are more likely to produce unpredictable, and often unintended results. The process of organization design matches people, information, and technology to the purpose, vision, and strategy of the organization. Structure is designed to enhance communication and information flow among people. Systems are designed to encourage individual responsibility and decision making. Technology is used to enhance human capabilities to accomplish meaningful work. The end product is an integrated system of people and resources, tailored to the specific direction of the organization. 2. Job design refers to the way that a set of tasks, or an entire job, is organized. Job design helps to determine: †¢ What tasks are done? †¢ How the tasks are done, †¢ how many tasks are done, and †¢ in what order the tasks are done. It takes into account all factors which affect the work, and organizes the content and tasks so that the whole job is less likely to be a risk to the employee. Job design involves administrative areas such as: †¢ job rotation, †¢ job enlargement, †¢ task/machine pacing, †¢ work breaks, and †¢ Working hours. A well designed job will encourage a variety of ‘good’ body positions, have reasonable strength requirements, require a reasonable amount of mental activity, and help foster feelings of achievement and self-esteem. 3. Organizational analysis may be done for different purposes. These include: 1) Enhancing the general understanding of the functioning of Organizations (i. e. educational or research purposes. ) (The direct beneficiary is the researcher or the analyst rather than the Organization). Such a study may aim at enhancing the understanding of human behaviour through a study of it in organisation, or to enhance the understanding of the society as reflected in organisational life. 2) Planning for growth and diversification An analysis or a diagostic study may be necessary for planning growth, diversification, expansion etc. Organisational analysis may reveal the strengths that could be used for growth and diversification, weak spots that need to be removed in the new plans, the precautions to be taken, structural dimensions to be kept in mind etc. Several insights may be provided on structure, people, systems, styles, technology etc. that have implications for growth. 3) Improving Organisational Effectiveness or Planning General Improvements Organisational Analysis may be used also for improving the general efficiency of an organisation. On the basis of a diagnosis made out of the analysis action steps could be initiated in terms of toning up administration, introducing new management systems and processes, reduction of wasteful expenditure, introduction of time savers, change of personnel policies to enhance employee motivation, restructuring of some parts, training, elimination of unwanted structures and teasers, improvements in general health of the organisation etc. 4) Organisational Problem Solving Whenever some subsystems departments, units etc.fall sick or start creating problems a diagnosis may be undertaken with a view to identify the source of the problem and take corrective action. A sick unit, a bottleneck, a communication block, a poor performing department, frequently occurring conflict between two departments, repeated failures of a management system or an organisational process, a frequent violation of an organisational norm, fall in discipline, reduction in output absenteeism, increase in conflicts e tc. can all lead to the need for an organisational diagnosis of a part of the organisatioin or the entire organisation. tools of organisational analysis Observation represents the careful and planned method of recording certain phenomena, objects, events in conjunction with a given situation. Constantinescu, etc. (2008) considers it necessary, within the organisation, to focus on observing the interaction between employees, in order to find answers to questions such as: What is the working pace of the employees – slow, methodical, alert, spontaneous? What rituals do you notice in the enterprise? What are the values disseminated? Do the meetings generally provide revealing information? Who participates in these meetings? Who speaks? Whom do these people speak to? To what extent is sincerity situated in these meetings? How much time is devoted to different topics? The topics which often recur and which are discussed in depth frequently represent indications of the organisational culture values. Observations are used for gathering data on the symbols which are analyzed by the qualitative analysis methods. Observations include mostly behavioural material, but also semantic symbols. Observations of behavioural symbols include monitoring and recording the organizational rituals, such as, for example, the celebration of company day as a ritual of integration. There will also be careful attention focused on the state and architecture of the buildings, decor, billboards, staff dress code, behaviour and habits, working environment, the way in which everyone fulfils their role, employee behaviour in conflict situations. The analysis of these aspects allows knowing the reality, the working environment, both the organisation’s physical components and the emotional, psychological elements, harder to decipher at first glance. The opinion interview technique always involves oral information, having the advantage of flexibility, of the ability to get specific answers to each question. Along with the use of the questionnaire, it is one of the techniques most often used in qualitative research. The interview is, however, a complex technique that requires certain abilities and skills from the researcher, especially social, communication and self-reflection skills. The interview is used in the study of organisational culture to collect qualitative data about the cognitive elements of the culture, such as assumptions, values, norms and attitudes. Interviews may also serve to identify symbols, certain expressions, stories, anecdotes specific to the organisation. â€Å"To successfully use the interview in organisational culture research, it is important to determine the persons that will be interviewed, when, where and how the interview will be conducted, the set of questions that will be used and the method of recording it† (Janicijevic, 2011 , p 85). Interviews help us perceive the consistency between what the interviewees say and the facts recorded from other sources. † These perceptions are generally useful for:  · defining an updated vision of the history, the important events and its impact on the functioning of the organisation;

Meal Plan Cost Analysis

Nancy StamperSeptember 6, 2012 HSS 303/05Meal Plan/Cost Analysis My meal plan is a bit unusual in that I am temporarily living with family after a experiencing a broken relationship and selling my condo. I am not required or expected to contribute to the food costs of the household. However, I do pick up items from the grocery store on occasion and I go out to dinner with friends. My school schedule is such that I usually eat my meals before and after classes and do not eat at the offerings on campus. I rarely eat fast food or get food from vending machines. During my 7 day food log time frame I spent 42. 93 eating out and around 48. 2 at the grocery. My guilty pleasure is Agave. It is rather expensive but I prefer to use it in my coffee or tea instead of sugar. It has a lower glycemic index and is sweeter than sugar. I prefer the taste. I do like to eat fresh fruits and vegetables. I prefer to buy what is in season as it tastes better and is usually priced better. In my past experie nce it is better to plan your meals around what is in season and on sale that to plan your meals and hope for the best in prices and availability. When eating out, I tend to choose what I want instead of what is healthiest. Eating out is a social event for me.I like to relax and enjoy myself which, for me, does not include analyzing food choices. Because I am frugal (or just plain cheap) I rarely order drinks when out. I cannot justify spending 2. 95 for a glass of iced tea or 7. 50 for a glass of wine when I can get the whole bottle for 6. 99. One thing that I could to do to improve my eating out habits that would be both healthier and more cost effective is to ask the server to box up half of the meal. Restaurant portions are much larger than we should be consuming. This would prevent me from overeating and provided me with another meal for the next day.Overall I am a good shopper. I purchase seasonal food to take advantage of better pricing and quality. I shop strictly from a lis t so I do not over buy. I prepare my list from planned menus and advertised sales. I use coupons to purchase only those items I would normally purchase rather than purchasing an item because I have a coupon. I could improve upon my eating out habits by making healthier choices and eating less. The real benefit of my current meal plan is that my sister is a very good cook and usually prepares dinner every night and she usually makes healthy meals. I ust help clean the kitchen! My food cost breakdown for the 7 days I recorded is as follows: Grocery Store: Grapes @. 99lb 2. 50 Skimmed [email  protected] 2. 99 gal 2. 99 Agave nectar @5. 99 23 oz11. 98 Strawberries @ 3. 99 32 oz 3. 99 Banana popsicles 1. 99 Fish sticks13. 00 Frozen peas 3 bags @1. 00 ea. 3. 00 Pluots 2 lb @1. 69lb 3. 37 Yogurt @ 10 for 6. 00 6. 00 Total48. 82 Fruits and vegetables 12. 86 26% Dairy 8. 98 18% Seafood13. 00 27% Misc13. 98 29% TOTALS48. 82100% Eating out: Mc Donald’s x 210. 34 Bob Evans18. 00 (with tip) Waffle House12. 00 (with tip) Dairy Queen 2. 59 Total42. 93

Power Corrupts essays

Power Corrupts essays Corruption is directly proportionate to the greed for power, and Napoleon, being a sly, selfish and witty pig, became more or less a despotic dictator of Animal Farm, who endorsed Lord Actons words, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Through his use of actions, language and relationships, Napoleon became corrupt and started to take privileges for himself. He was able to disempower and dominate the animals of the farm, which only led to his increasing hunger for power. Through Napoleons actions, the discourse of power and control is evidently depicted by his use of tactics, which are features of a dictatorship, to assume his leadership and power. He took over the farm slowly by slowly, firstly privileging himself and his fellow pigs by convincing the other animals it was for their sake that the pigs ate most of the apples and drank most of the milk. We pigs are brain-workers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depends on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare, and it is for your sake that we drink that drink and eat those apples. He did this through the use of Squealer who was a persuasive speaker, a follower and a liar. On Napoleons behalf, he told the animals that leadership was heavy responsibility, and therefore they should be thankful to Napoleon. This favoured Napoleons popularity and respect, and once he realised that the animals started listening to him, all the powers he had began to corrupt him. Napoleon also cunningly changed the commandments of Animal Farm to favour himself and ultimately gain more power. Napoleon became so corrupt in his actions he broke parts of the commandments to privilege himself and the other pigs. Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also s...

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essays - Free Essays

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essays - Free Essays Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Ancient Peruvian Ceramics of the North Coast March 11, 1997 The first pottery pieces found in Peru were made somewhere between 1500 and 1000 b.p. The pieces were found in the central Andean region where a religious cult lived. This cult was called Chavn, after the best known ceremonial center, Chavn de Huntar. The religious center was the home to massive temples that were highly embellished with low relief sculptures of gods, animals, and symbols. The pottery found in the area where vessels that were well made and highly decorated with a similar motif as the temples. But the evolution of Peruvian pottery becomes somewhat confusing and complex after this first civilization of potters. There is a division of people into the North Coast and the South Coast. The split created two styles of pottery, although similar, they never quite merge. I am only going to talk about the north coast traditions. On the North coast there are five cultures that evolve into the dominant Mochica style, which was one of the most vigorous and prosperous cultures of Ancient Peru. The next earliest North Coast style, other than the Chavn, started with the Cupisnique people in the Chicama valley. Their ceramics closely resembled those of highland Chavn. They were well made and polished, though somewhat thick walled and heavy. The type of firing used produced a dark semireduced ware that varied from brownish gray to carbon black in color. Decoration consisted of bold, curvilinear human, feline, and birds of pray heads, eye patterns, pelt markings, and other brief symbols of geometric devices. In the valley to the south of the Cupisnique were the Salinar people who sometime during the fifth century b.p. moved into the north coast of Peru and spread its influence throughout the Cupisnique area. Salinar pottery, though deceptively primitive in ornamentation, was technologically superior to that of the Cupisnique. Vessels were made of well-prepared clays that were fully oxidized in firing, making them an even orange color. Cream and red slips were used to accentuate sculptural forms and create flat geometric patterns, but not to draw figurative motifs. The technical advances of the controlled oxidation firing and slip decoration soon had their effect on contemporary Cupisnique ceramics. Personally, I enjoyed the bottle forms they used with their double strap handles that lead from the shoulder of the forms to the one central spout. (see figures 1 and 2). This style of vessel seems to continue throughout the centuries. Three other cultures in north coast valleys contributed their pottery style to the over all Cusisnique style that was evolving into the Mochica style. These people were the Gallinazo, Recuay, and Vics. The Gallinazo constructed double chamber vessels with whistle spouts and a type of decoration called negative decoration where they painted their simple designs on after the pieces were fired. The Recuay also had double chamber vessels but these had one functioning spout and one sculpted, usually an animal or figure. They also used negative decoration but theirs were much more elaborate designs than the Gallinazo vessels. The Vics lived in the highlands on the Ecuadorian border. They made very sculptural vessels with a stirrup handle and central spout. (see figures 3, 4, and 5) Although a hand full of Vics artifacts have been found, not much is known about these people, but one can see a visible connection between all of these different cultures and the Mochica style that evolved out o f them. The Mochica civilization flourished for nearly 1000 years and as time passed slight changes in the style could be seen and are chronologically separated into Mochica I-V. The first two are formative phases with lots of experimentation. The third concentrated on a distinctive art style, which continued through the forth and gradually declined in the fifth. They expressed many aspects of their culture and daily life in their ceramics. Things like warriors, runners (people who run bags of beans were important to the ceremonial life), portraits, religion, gods, and animals were shown on vessels. Mochica I was a strong continuation of the late Cupisnique sculptural style. The forms are compact with little suggestion of action, and details are often rendered in incised lines. Faces

Biography of Adam Smith, Founding Father of Economics

Biography of Adam Smith, Founding Father of Economics Adam Smith (June 16, 1723–July 17, 1790) was a Scottish philosopher who today is considered to be the father of economics. His seminal work, The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, influenced generations of politicians, leaders, and thinkers, including Alexander Hamilton, who looked to Smiths theories when, as secretary of the treasury, he fashioned the economic system of the United States. Fast Facts: Adam Smith Known For: Father of economicsBorn: June 16, 1723 in Fife, ScotlandParents: Adam Smith, Margaret DouglasDied: July 17, 1790 in Edinburgh, ScotlandEducation: University of Glasgow, Balliol College, OxfordPublished Works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), The Wealth of Nations (1776)Notable Quote: Every individual†¦ neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it†¦he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Early Years and Education Smith was born in 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, where his widowed mother raised him. At age 14, as was the usual practice, he entered the University of Glasgow on a scholarship. He later attended Balliol College at Oxford, graduating with extensive knowledge of European literature. He returned home and delivered a series of well-received lectures at Glasgow University, which appointed him first as the chair of logic in 1751 and then chair of moral philosophy in 1752. Founding Father of Economics Smith is often described as the founding father of economics. A great deal of what is now considered standard belief about the theory about markets was developed by Smith. He explained his theories in Theory of Moral Sentiments, published in 1759. In 1776, he published his masterpiece, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which today is generally called The Wealth of Nations. In Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith developed the foundation for a general system of morals. It is a very important text in the history of moral and political thought. It provides the ethical, philosophical, psychological, and methodological underpinnings to Smiths later works. ​ In this work, Smith stated that man was self-interested and self-commanded. Individual freedom, according to Smith, is rooted in self-reliance, the ability of an individual to pursue his self-interest while commanding himself based on the principles of natural law. The Wealth of Nations The Wealth of Nations is actually a five-book series and considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. Using very detailed examples, Smith attempted to reveal the nature and cause of a nations prosperity. Through his examination, he developed a critique of the economic system. Most commonly known are Smiths critique of mercantilism and his concept of the invisible  hand, which guides economic activity. In explaining this theory, Smith stated that wealthy individuals are: ...led by an  invisible hand  to make nearly the same distribution of the necessaries of life, which would have been made, had the earth been divided into equal portions among all its inhabitants, and thus without intending it, without knowing it, advance the interest of the society. What led Smith to this remarkable conclusion was his recognition that wealthy people dont live in a vacuum: they need to pay (and thus feed) the individuals who grow their food, manufacture their household items, and toil as their servants. Simply put, they cant keep all the money for themselves. Smiths arguments are still used and cited today in debates. Not everyone agrees with Smiths ideas. Many see Smith as an advocate of ruthless individualism. Regardless of how Smiths ideas are viewed, The Wealth of Nations is considered to be, and is arguably, the most important book on the subject ever published. Without a doubt, it is the most seminal text in the field of free-market capitalism. Later Years and Death After living in both France and London for a time, Smith returned to Scotland in 1778 when he was appointed the commissioner of customs for Edinburgh. Smith died on July 17, 1790, in Edinburgh and was buried in the Canongate churchyard. Legacy Smiths work had a profound effect on the American  founding fathers  and the nations economic system. Instead of founding the United States on the idea of mercantilism and creating a culture of  high tariffs  to protect local interests, many key leaders, including  James Madison  and Hamilton, espoused the ideas of free trade and limited government intervention. In fact, Hamilton, in his Report on Manufacturers espoused a number of theories first stated by Smith. These theories stressed the need to cultivate the extensive land that was available in America to create a wealth of capital through labor, distrust of inherited titles and nobility, and the establishment of a military to protect the land against foreign intrusions. Sources â€Å"Adam Smith.†Ã‚  Econlib.Brett, Sarah, and Oxford University Press. â€Å"Adam Smith (1723-90).†Ã‚  Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre.Founders Online. Alexander Hamiltons Final Version of the Report on the Subject of the Manufactures.  National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration.

What is the essence of me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is the essence of me - Essay Example I believe that in life people find success and make progress through trial and error and experiencing hardship. I also think that many times the mistakes people make have to do with other people. I recognize that oftentimes people have made mistakes with me, and I have done the same with them. It follows that I think it is necessary to cultivate a personality of forgiveness. When people are unwilling to forgive it signals that they are giving up on another person, when in reality this is precisely the time that they should be coming closer to the person. When we are willing to forgive people then we allow our relationships with them to grow and develop through trial and error. Another reason that forgiveness is the essence of me is because I believe that holding grudges or seeking revenge is unproductive for a healthy and happy existence. While I am not a psychologist or know much about psychological theory, I have had enough life experience to understand that oftentimes the way we think affects the way we feel. I believe that in holding grudges and refusing to forgive people then we go through life with negative thoughts and emotions. In my own life, people have wronged me. Although it has oftentimes been difficult for me to forgive them I have always managed to do so. After forgiving the person, I have always felt better. In these regards, I have gradually made forgiveness one of the central parts of my personality. In conclusion, this essay has examined what is the essence of me. In these regards, my essence is forgiveness. The reasons for this are because I feel life is about making mistakes and as such it’s necessary to forgive people. I also believe it makes people happier if they are able to forgive others. Ultimately, these reasons have become prominent considerations in my life and as such forgiveness has become my central

The Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Learning Organization - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the paradigm shift in theory of management that resulted in the introduction of the Learning Organization is the shift of focus from mere â€Å"learning† to the â€Å"process of learning†. We now have a structured understanding not only of what we learn and how it can be applied but also how it is learned and communicated. As the rest of this paper endeavors to show, organizations also exhibit specific patterns of cognition, communication and evolution – with profound consequences for their economic output and vitality. This discussion highlights that it is perhaps best to start with an example. That the Japanese automakers have posed a serious threat to their American counterparts is common knowledge. Japanese cars have demonstrated greater efficiency and has generally been welcomed by the American Public. Not surprisingly, Japanese cars have been scrupulously examined by American engineers to decipher the secret of their performance. In one such test, it was found that a particular engine model was assembled with a set of three different bolts in America while the Japanese used only a single bolt standard. Each type of standard required a different type of wrench, complicating the inventory and incrementing the cost. It was found that this was because the American model was designed by three different teams of engineers while the Japanese model was entirely designed by one designer. Interestingly, this seemingly trivial action could have gone completely undetected though each of the three American teams were satisfied with their individual performance. It was not merely the lack of communication that resulted in the above complication. The fundamental breakdown of the American system of production was the lack of an integrated approach to design, production and testing.

How successful the Vietnamese people living in the United States are Research Paper

How successful the Vietnamese people living in the United States are today since they came to the United States after 1975 - Research Paper Example ounterparts who immigrated to the United States from East Asia mainly for economic interests, the Vietnamese are less accomplished both financially and academically. Even though the community of Vietnamese immigrants in the United States faces many challenges, their economic status has been reported to have improved dramatically, especially between the late 1980s and the early 2000. In 1989 for instance, the Vietnamese Americans who lived below the poverty line formed 34 percent of the entire Vietnamese American population while in 1999 the number had reduced by more than half to 16 percent (Bankston 213). On the social front, Vietnamese Americans have made notable steps ever since they came to the United States. According to Collette (57), a study carried out in 2008 showed that the Vietnamese community in the United States is one among the most assimilated immigrant communities in the country. Despite the lower rate of economic and cultural assimilation as compared to other immigrant groups, the rate of civic assimilation in the community was the highest among the relatively large groups of immigrants (Collette 59). The study attributed the slower rates of economic and cultural assimilation to the language difference with the American communities. The high rates of civic assimilation were attributed to the fact that, since most of them are political refugees, they expect to stay permanently in the United States and, therefore, have become more involved in politics than most of the other immigrant groups. Most of the Vietnamese Americans are anti-communism. This made most of them support the Republican Party, although the support has reportedly been eroded in the recent past. They preferred the Republican Party since they view the Democratic Party as not as anti-communist as the Republican Party is. However, the second generation of the immigrant group as well as the newer and poorer refugees has been reported to show support for the Democratic Party. Even then,

Professionalism in Environmental Public Health Essay

Professionalism in Environmental Public Health - Essay Example Environmental Public Health is the key to enhanced living standards and culminates spread of various diseases. This essay’s principal concern is on the additional knowledge required by medical officers to help deter the environment from being infectious to human beings. Herein are the results of professionalism in environmental Public Health. There is also the motive of the program instituted to outlay several health guiding principals. Moreover, the essay entails important reasons for professionalism. The essay also encompasses advantages of hygienic human environments. Environmental Health refers to the ill health of human beings subject to infection by the changes in the surroundings. The environment is the source of all most of the human infections. There are people acquainted with information regarding the ways of keeping the environment safe for living creatures. Within the segment of environmental Health, there exist health practitioners falling under different categories (Canadian institute of Public Health inspectors). For instance, assignment of duties depends on the education level of that individual. Practitioners of human health under the environmental grounds should ensure that there is a guideline about the environmental health hazards. Moreover, it is vital for the consultants to give directives to human kind regarding body reactions when ill or after treatment. On the other hand, there is Public Health, a branch of science that encompasses various ways of curing illnesses. In case of illness on the human being’s body, there are dimensions taken to heal off the diseases. In order to enhance the health of people living in diverse communities, there are preventive measures taken to hinder infections and also deter the spread of infectious diseases. However, medication is essential for enhancing a longer stay in the community. Establishment of the public health intervention program is of effect, as it helps in outlaying better

Visual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Visual analysis - Essay Example The first artwork that will be analyzed is the artwork presented by Emily Dunlap. Emily Dunlap created this impressive piece of artwork using several materials. This piece of artwork dated 2012 bears the title â€Å"Until you come back†. Some of the materials used to create this piece include an oil bar, cotton thread and canvas. The end product of the artwork was a portrayal of sunflowers, a terra cotta pot, a watering can and Miracle Gro. This artwork measures 6 inches by 9 inches. The texture of these artworks seems rather rough from the use of canvas and cotton thread. The bright illustration and amusing presentation of this artwork creates an appealing visual depiction of art (Leeuwen and Jewitt 129). This drawing also incorporates an interest in exploring the human perceptions of the environment through portraying real art. In fact, this piece of artwork by Dunlap can be depicted like a mirror that viewers can use to identify a creative expression of the landscape. The brief detail in the artwork easily captures the view of individuals. â€Å"Until you come back† is composed of a portrayal of sunflowers that unify the composition of the artwork. This artwork can be compared to the collections by Solomon "Sol" LeWitt who was a renowned American artist. LeWitt had significantly specialized in painting, photography, drawing and print making (Leeuwen and Jewitt 200). The simplicity in the drawings from these artists is quite evident. Their artworks can be defined as playful, random and curvilinear. This is because LeWitt used graphite and crayon in several scribble artworks. In the same case, Dunlap experimented on a contemporary technique in fine art that involved the use of cotton thread in the artwork â€Å"Until you come back†. This asserts that both artists have something in common in the field of art. In this part, I picked the Cairn Copy artwork presented by Daina

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its relation to the Bible Essay

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its relation to the Bible - Essay Example Watson to read and learn about significant people in the Bible. Mark Twain satirizes the misuse of Christianity by depicting Christian’s lack of understanding, hypocrisy, and over-reliance of text by using Hulk as the most moral character. Christianity values are integrated in American history and tend to act as the driving force of the American culture; these are the values that Mark Twain is able to satirize while indicating views that have been altered through time (Web). Twain utilizes many situations in the story to compare his characters and real people by giving his characters a very realistic tone. He has successfully satirized real people and showed how hypocrites Christians can be. Huck is presented as the most moral character in the novel; this role is also played well by Jim. Interestingly, there rest of the characters is unable to understand such kind of moral presented by and the only evident thing is his exterior character (Twain Web). In The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s father is thought to be dead and a woman named Window Douglas, portrayed as a kind Christian, takes care of him, and teaches him bible stories (Twain Web). Widow Douglas is committed in civilizing Huck as she takes care of him out of goodness and urges him to live a good life and pray often without expecting any reimbursement from him. However, later in the story, Huck runs away with Miss Watson’s property, feels guilty for stealing, and believes he will go to hell for helping Jim escape (Berkove & Csicsila 81-85). Such kind of belief is believed to have been contributed by the teachings he got from Widow Douglas. Widow Douglas and Miss Watson are depicted as having a very controlled Christian mold from people and with their fixed idea; they are trying to adopt Huck to fit this mold (Ezekiel 33:31). They feel that Huck’s physical attributes are not in line with Christian

Visual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Visual analysis - Essay Example The first artwork that will be analyzed is the artwork presented by Emily Dunlap. Emily Dunlap created this impressive piece of artwork using several materials. This piece of artwork dated 2012 bears the title â€Å"Until you come back†. Some of the materials used to create this piece include an oil bar, cotton thread and canvas. The end product of the artwork was a portrayal of sunflowers, a terra cotta pot, a watering can and Miracle Gro. This artwork measures 6 inches by 9 inches. The texture of these artworks seems rather rough from the use of canvas and cotton thread. The bright illustration and amusing presentation of this artwork creates an appealing visual depiction of art (Leeuwen and Jewitt 129). This drawing also incorporates an interest in exploring the human perceptions of the environment through portraying real art. In fact, this piece of artwork by Dunlap can be depicted like a mirror that viewers can use to identify a creative expression of the landscape. The brief detail in the artwork easily captures the view of individuals. â€Å"Until you come back† is composed of a portrayal of sunflowers that unify the composition of the artwork. This artwork can be compared to the collections by Solomon "Sol" LeWitt who was a renowned American artist. LeWitt had significantly specialized in painting, photography, drawing and print making (Leeuwen and Jewitt 200). The simplicity in the drawings from these artists is quite evident. Their artworks can be defined as playful, random and curvilinear. This is because LeWitt used graphite and crayon in several scribble artworks. In the same case, Dunlap experimented on a contemporary technique in fine art that involved the use of cotton thread in the artwork â€Å"Until you come back†. This asserts that both artists have something in common in the field of art. In this part, I picked the Cairn Copy artwork presented by Daina

Working as a Human Services Professional Assignment

Working as a Human Services Professional - Assignment Example g about the Human Services field which would assist in expanding education and skills are as follows: (1) by regularly apprising oneself on current and future trends in Human Services through reading authoritative sources on this field of study; (2) by attending conferences, seminars, leadership training and development under the Human Services field through the Human Service Leadership Institute (Human Services Leadership Institute, 2012); and (3) by pursuing higher education courses or programs in Human Services (Hack College, 2015), . These opportunities for learning and developmental growth could be achieved by scheduling continued learning in one’s daily activities. The three ways to hold accountability for performing quality work as the administrator/CEO of the Humanitarian Agency are as follows: (1) through clear stipulation of roles, responsibilities, and commitment as the CEO/administrator, as stated in one’s job description and in the organizational structure; (2) through explicit planning and development of policies and procedures that would delineate functions and stipulate accountabilities or deliverables expected of one’s role; and (3) through using resources to communicate clear standards or goals of performance and evaluating the manner by which these goals have been achieved within stipulated time frames. Likewise, as emphasized by Este (2007), â€Å"the challenges to implementing accountability in the human services could be overcome with the appropriate planning, organizational commitment, and resources† (p. 1). Este, S. (2007). The Challenges of Accountability in the Human Services: Performance Management in the Adult Protective Services Program of Texas. Retrieved from Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos:

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Older adults experience unequal treatment, discrimination and prejudice in the workplace 2 Not growing old is not an option 3 Health problems Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is the [prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Ageism reflects a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. For many, old age symbolizes disease and death; seeing older adults serves as a reminder that they too may someday become old and infirm. By contrast, society glorifies youth, seeing it as interchangeable with beauty and the future] (Schaefer, 2012). Ageism restricts the acceptance of the elderly by discriminating against them. The elderly are often referred to as â€Å"them† when most of us will one day be in that category. What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? How does the ADA address issues for the aging population? The Americans with Disabilities Act was an anti-discrimination law that started in 1992, covering people with a disability, defined as a condition that â€Å"substantially limits† a â€Å"major life activity† such as walking or seeing. It prohibits bias in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunication against people  with disabilities. Businesses with more than 15 employees cannot refuse to hire a qualified applicant with a disability; these companies are expected to make a â€Å"reasonable accommodation† to permit such a worker to do the job. Commercial establishments such as office buildings, hotels, theaters, supermarkets, and dry cleaners are barred from denying service to people with disabilities (Schaefer, 2012). One of the ways that the ADA addresses issues for the aging population is that it established requirements for businesses of all sizes (ADA, 2014). What is being done to address the issues you identified? [Many older adults with diminished heart and lung functions and reduced mobility will have placards or license plates for accessible parking. When parking is near the main door of the facility, these patrons have strength left after entering your business to shop, enjoy entertainment, or eat heartily. Clear, wide paths without stairs to the establishment’s entrance and throughout the business leave room for canes and walkers and accommodate people with reduced mobility and stamina. Minimum-weight doors with accessible hardware are easily opened by people who have arthritis or use a cane for extra balance. For heavier doors, automatic and power-assisted openers are helpful to everyone. Entrances and aisles with adequate head clearance and minimal projections into the path of travel result in easier navigation for people with lessened visual acuity or those who may be disoriented by clutter] (ADA, 2014) Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? [The growth of the elderly population is projected to be over twenty one percent (21%) by 2050. An increasing proportion of the population will be composed of older people. This trend is expected to continue well through the twenty-first century as mortality declines and the postwar baby boomers age. Looking over a period of a century, we see the proportion over age 65 increases from less than one in 10 in 1960 to almost one in four by 2050] (Schaefer, 2012). What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? There are many issues facing the elderly today any many could involve  legislation affecting things as Social Security and Medicare healthcare benefits. The development and workings of groups aimed at protecting not only the threatened benefits of Social Security, Medicare, and other healthcare, but also other considerations for the elderly lifestyle are on the rise and proving to be helpful to our aging society as our Baby Boomers approach retirement age. How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty among the elderly is seen as much less today as it was in the past. This can be attributed to pension plans and higher paying jobs that the people worked at. Although the rate of poverty is declining in the elderly, poverty is still an issue. One major cause is the rising cost of long term healthcare and medicines. With the increased life expectancy rates, this only compounds the problem as people are living longer. Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. It also applies to the United States Congress. To be protected by the ADA, one must have a disability or have a relationship or association with an individual with a disability. An individual with a disability is defined by the ADA as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment. The ADA does not specifically name all of the impairments that are covered (US Department of Justice, April 9, 2012). How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? Lukoff and Cohen (1972) note that some communities banished or Ill-treated the blind while others accorded them special privileges. In a comparison of  the status of persons with disabilities in a number of non-occidental societies, Hanks and Hanks (1948) found wide differences. Persons with disabilities were completely rejected by some cultures, in others they were outcasts, while in some they were treated as economic liabilities and grudgingly kept alive by their families. In other settings, persons with disabilities were tolerated and treated in incidental ways, while in other cultures they were given respected status and allowed to participate to the fullest extent of their capability (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2014). How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? A Lou Harris poll conducted in 1991 was revealing and positive. For example, 98% of individuals questioned believe that all people, regardless of one’s ability, should have an opportunity to participate in mainstream society. Furthermore, there was a strong sentiment toward increased employment of persons with disabilities; 92% polled believed that employment of persons with disabilities would be economically beneficial to society. There is a strong trend toward acceptance. These attitudes are in sharp contrast to the prevailing attitudes of the first half of this century. (University of Florida College of Dentistry, 2014) What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are numerous circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities daily. The task of accomplishing simple tasks can sometimes seem insurmountable. Those with physical disabilities must often times depend on the help of others to get along daily, let alone pursue a meaningful life. Public transportation can be difficult; sidewalks are not always wheelchair friendly, doorways are sometimes not wide enough, print can be too small to read on menus. What is being done to address those issues? Businesses that serve the public must modify policies and practices that discriminate against people with disabilities; comply with accessible design standards when constructing or altering facilities; remove barriers in existing facilities where readily achievable; and provide auxiliary aids and services when needed to ensure effective communication with people who have  hearing, vision, or speech impairments. All businesses, even those that do not serve the public, must comply with accessible design standards when constructing or altering facilities (ADA, 2014) What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? Following the original Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), including changes made by the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-325), which became effective on January 1, 2009. The ADA was originally enacted in public law format and later rearranged and published in the United States Code. The United States Code is divided into titles and chapters that classify laws according to their subject matter. Titles I, II, III, and V of the original law are codified in Title 42, chapter 126, of the United States Code beginning at section 12101. Title IV of the original law is codified in Title 47, chapter 5, of the United States Code. (ADA.gov, 2008) References ADA. (2014). ADA Business Connection. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/business.htm ADA.gov. (2008). Americans With Disablities Act of 1990 As Amended. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.pdf Disability Studies Quarterly. (2014). Past and Present Perceptions Towards Disability: A Historical Perspective. Retrieved from http://www.sds.org/article/view/3197/3068 Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed.). Bergen County, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. US Department of Justice. (April 9,2012). A Guide To Disability Rights Laws. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/cguide.htm University of Florida College of Dentristy. (2014). Societys Attitude Towards People with Disabilities. Retrieved from http://paul-burtner.dental.ufl.edu/oral-health-care-for-persons-with-disabilities/societys-attitude-towards-people-with-disabilities/

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM)

Etisalat and Total Quality Management (TQM) Etisalat is one of the worlds largest telecommunication companies. It is the largest service provider of mobile facilities in United Arab Emirates. Etisalat claims to have almost a 100 million customers. The company is providing service in UAE, in Africa and now also in Asia. Etisalat has a profit of almost 8 billion dollars. Etisalat has also diverged into being on of United Arab Emirates largest internet providers. It is not only providing internet accessibility to customers but also to other companies who are in the same business. It is United Arab Emirates largest voice carrier and it is also Africas largest voice carrier.  Etisalat has roaming facilities in at least 186 countries around the world. Etisalat was founded in 1976. In 1983 , 60% of the share was bought over by the United Arab Emirates government and 40% share was sold in the open market. In 1991 it got the permission to provide wired and unwired telecommunication services within United Arab Emirates and also in other countries. During this time itself, the company got the license to produce, import or export tele-communication equipments. This step made Etisalat the monopoly over tele communication business in the United Arab Emirates. This not only started fetching the government huge revenues but it also developed the mobile sector of tele-communication and other tele-communication sectors in United Arab Emirates. It was a major achievement in this sector for the country. The companys profit grew to more than 80% and almost 700000 phone lines in the country are now owned by Etisalat. In 2001 Etisalat opened up its international ventures and it started business in Islamabad. Etisalat is the 6th largest company of United Arab Emirates and is the worlds 40th largest enterprise. It is United Arab Emirates largest revenue earner after the oil and gas industry. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT- AN INTRODUCTION: W. Edwards Deming was the person who invented the TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT concept. Total quality management refers to maximising customer satisfaction by minimising the errors. It involves optimal utilisation of resources. It involves training of employees to the maximum possible level. The most important aspect of Total Quality management is that it involves that the errors in production are removed completely. It involves giving the best to the customer. To give the best to the customer everything should be perfect in an organisation. The organisations functioning should be 100% so that the customer can as an end result get 100%. TQM is basically a set of functions which if performed shall ensure that all the customers expectations are exceeded or met. ETISALAT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Total quality management approach has become very important in todays world. All customers want better than the best for their money. Todays customer is not easily satisfied. Etisalat has been wise enough to recognise this new emerging trend. Etisalat believes that quality is the key to overcome competition in todays modern market. More and more organisations all around the world are looking up to quality production for overcoming competition. The total quality management field is a new field. It is still developing. Etisalat has developed its own ways of quality measurement with passage of time. Etisalat believes that quality improvement is a continuous process. You can never stop improving the quality of the product or service that you are providing. Quality is the essence of any product or service. Total quality management has become very important for Etisalat over the past few years. There has to be a continuous flow of improvements in the services being provided if proper benef its of total quality management are to be realised. Although it must be noted here that Etisalat does not depend on total quality management for satisfying the needs of its customers and for achieving its target. Total quality management does not solve any managerial issues. (hashmi) Total quality management only seems to cater to the problem of customer satisfaction. Etisalat has customised its total quality management approach in such a way that it gives a purpose to the company to move ahead and develop its product more not only for the satisfaction of the customer but also for the overall development of the company including the increase in profits agenda. Although at the beginning Etisalat had some problems in adopting this new total quality management approach but then it realised that the economic conditions everywhere are changing and sooner or later the company had to make itself more customer oriented. Etisalats internet providing services were the first to adopt the total quality management approach. Soon the company started seeing positive changes. The actual number of new connections also got increased. After realising the positive affect of Total quality management the same was applied to the mobile service providing sector also. Etisalat also realised that one way to successfully apply the total quality management approach was to improve the quality of equipments being used to provide the services. Earlier the marketing agenda of the company was that it was providing services at the lowest possible cost. Now the agenda is providing the best quality at the lowest price. And this approach has shown tremendous positive results. Moreover the problems should be sorted out as soon as they are found. One should not wait for meetings and discussions to get over them get over the problems as soon as they are found. This is also a relatively new concept which has emerged from total quality management. (hashmi) Proper training of employees is the essence of the total quality management approach. The best possible training needs to be given to the employees for the best possible results. Training enhances the capacity to work. It allows the employees to work on a level which is higher than what they can work on. (stark) The training should be given with regards to the requirements of the job that the employee has to do. Etisalat is using the latest technology available in the market to provide to the market the mobile services. Although it increases the capital requirements and cost of the company, but the customers get the best possible services and moreover running cost or cost of providing services is reduced substantially. Etisalat has picked up a new theory from total quality management, this theory involves that the company shouldnt function on the basis of increasing the number of customers, it should work on improving the quality of the services it is providing, and the customers wil l be attracted on their own if the services being provided are of the best quality. The company should hire only the best educated for properly applying the total quality method. Moreover the company in return should arrange for proper education facilities to the community. This will ultimately help the company itself in the long run. The truth is that Total quality management does not create the quality but it creates the process. Total quality management involves a complete change in the working culture of the people. (stark) It emphasises only and only on quality. The employees at Etisalat had some problem in adopting this new method of working, but as soon as they realised that this was the correct way ahead and it would be giving great rewards in the future they readily accepted it. Etisalats management decided that not only the basic product should be of quality the extra add-ons should also be of the best possible quality. Etisalats management decided that total quality manag ement should be so well adopted by the company that there should be no margin for error at all. Whatever the company is giving to its customers it should be of the best quality, no one else in the market should be giving something or anything better than what Etisalat could provide for. PROBLEMS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH: Since total quality management is comparatively a new approach people are still working on it. All the firms who are trying to adopt this approach face problems while applying this approach. (stark) Each and every firm tries to explore with this new approach. The management at Etisalat has also introduced its own variations in this approach. One of the major problems which were faced by the mangers at Etisalat was the problem of measurement. There is no proper way which has been developed as of now that can measure the change in quality. It has been hard to measure the proper affects of change due to quality. Managers found it hard to measure whether the changes made in the working of the firm due to the total quality management approach were bringing positive or negative results; they ultimately had to refer to the number game to find the effects of total quality approach. Total quality approach on the other hand emphasises the attention of people away from the numbers to quality. T otal quality management is next to useless if it cannot be measured. The change in results must be measured if total quality management approach has to become successful. Moreover it was being realised that it was easier for the middle management and lower working class employees to adjust to the total quality management approach but the upper management at Etisalat found it hard to do so. This was so because upper management was used to working with numbers. It was hard for the top managers and the owners of the company to shift the very approach towards business. They had to change their very beliefs in business. Although total quality management is supposed to decrease costs, but in reality the management at Etisalat found that implementing this approach had infact increased the cost of providing services. Moreover it was found that businesses who are well established like Etisalat and they do not want to innovate a lot also face problems in applying the total quality approach me thod. Total quality management approach also increased the companys capital expenditure as it involved getting the best in line equipments. This involves investing huge amounts of money and maybe some smaller companies may not be able to do so. Moreover after applying the total quality management approach the company had to spend hugely on advertisement to let the world know of its change in approach towards business. The cost of the final service provided was also increased after applying the total quality management approach. The management tried very hard to avoid increase in price but as we all know that the best comes at a price so this increase in price was unavoidable for the people at Etisalat, and many customers did not approve of the change in costs. RESULTS AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT BY ETISALAT: Etisalat was able to identify a lot of things after implementing total quality management approach. It realised that the approach like all other approaches had both positive and negative effects on the functioning of the company, and also it had double effects on the final figures of the company, although surprisingly this approach had many more positive effects than it had negative ones. It was found that this approach affected everyone who worked for the company. Total quality management approach was completely based on team work. Team work was the essence of total quality management. It was although hard to implement because in such a large corporation as Etisalat it was hard to make everyone co-operate with everyone else. Moreover the management realised that it was actually hard for them to remove their attention from the number game and completely focus it on quality management. It was hard to find on the basis of quality that the firm was underperforming or was doing better th an before. It was later found out after a few months of application if total quality management approach that there was a significant increase in the actual numbers of customers. Also there was less number of complaints now. Application of total quality management approach is a hard job; moreover it challenges the very foundation of principles of management of business. Business success before and up till very recently was completely based on numbers, the higher the numbers the better it was. The quality hardly mattered. Whatever sold was considered to be of the best quality. With the application of total quality management everything changed. It did not matter anymore to the management at Etisalat whether the numbers increased or decreased they had to concentrate completely on the quality of services that they were employed to provide. This quality had to be the best. It was a heavy task as it had two aspects attached to it. The first was to actually start providing the best servic es to the people. This included changing various technological equipments, it involved changing the basic equipments used as raw materials, everything every equipment that the company used should be of the best quality, until and unless this happens it would be hard to give the best possible end result. Secondly the customers needed to be informed in the change of policies of the company. This in itself was a humungous task. The management at Etisalat was unsure that whether the customers would take this approach in a positive manner or not. It had to be conveyed to the public that there was a major change which would take place in the way the company functioned. This was very hard because Etisalat has almost 1 billion customers all around the world. But the top management of Etisalat was able to carry out this task properly. Company is now successfully providing the best possible services to its 1 billion customers whether in the tele-communication sector or in the internet service providing sector. CONCLUSION: Total quality management is more of a discipline than anything else. It is concluded that quality is the end product of all the activities undertaken in the total quality management approach. It involves a complete change in the outlook of producers and service providers. It changes their emphasis from mass selling to quality selling. Followers of total quality management believe that providing quality product or service will automatically lead to increased sales. It is important to understand here that providing quality products should not mean that the price of such product can be sky high, the approach should be such that the best quality product should be provided at the best possible price. The pricing should be correct because even if the product is the best in the market but it is overpriced it will not sell. Therefore this involves the working of financial analysts with total quality management approach experts. A balance between the two approaches must be struck. Etisalat ha s understood the importance of total quality management approach. The management of Etisalat are working more and more towards this approach now. They are also trying to communicate this change in their policies in the best possible ways to their customers. The customers have become very demanding all over the world these days and total quality management approach seems to be the only possible way to satisfy the needs of the modern customer.

Privacy of Digitized Personal Information Essay -- Private Privacy Inf

Privacy of Digitized Personal Information Privacy of personal information is a fundamental right of any person. No one wants his/her private details to be known to other people, especially ones who they are not familiar with. However, human society is based on cooperation between people. Society simply cannot function without this vital interaction between two human beings. No one is that capable or skillful enough to fulfill his/her daily requirements alone. The very fabric of society exists because a person has to depend on other people to get things done. Whenever one person talks to another, he/she unknowingly reveals a certain amount of personal information such as physical features, personality, character, etc. It is impossible to hide this information as revealing of this information to other people is unavoidable. In order to fulfill has/her daily wants and needs, a person has to trust quite a number of individuals with some unique information. The process is reciprocal, i.e., the individuals have to also reveal certain information to build an atmosphere of trust. However, human avarice knows no bounds. People always face incidences where their private information is revealed to unscrupulous individuals, who take undue advantage of this information for their own ends. In most cases, this results in loss of credibility or harm to the victims. This is called as identity theft. Therefore, the pros and cons of releasing one's personal information have to be carefully weighed and examined before any hasty so-called remedial actions can be taken. Technology has revolutionized the realm of commerce and industry that we know today. The Internet is the central axis around which all these financial and marketing activ... ...use and propagation of this information to respect the privacy of the individual. Only time will tell if an innovative solution is found to balance the two. Personally, I would prefer the utilitarian approach, as lack of privacy is not going to drastically affect anybody. As a matter of fact, it could mean saving thousands of lives. I wouldn't bother too much if anybody could access my personal information, unless it is used to malign or denigrate me in any way. The Utilitarian approach is not perfect, as it can still be misused. But, it still appears as the best choice. Sources Cited: http://www.nasscom.org/download/Data_Privacy.pdf http://ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Rights/index.html http://ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Utilitarianism/index.html http://ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Aristotle/index.html http://www.stanford.edu/~hammond/SienaLect.pdf

Stakeholder management

A stakeholder is a party, an individual or a group of people who influence or can be affected or affect the actions of an organization examples are customers, suppliers, employes and owners or a given organization. Stakeholder management is a way of emphasizing that people support each other and taking an opportunity where others are not able to succeed.Stakeholder management is very important when it comes to success of any project in any given organization, this includes giving the right people the right responsibilities in the project, as one involves more people in the development of a project as the more people will affect the project development, and those people will come to rule out how the project will shape up and finally they will be the   more powerful people in that organization so great care should be taken when selecting stakeholders in the management of a project in the organization, as they will be sole determinants of the success of an organization .The success or failure or a project is greatly influenced by the way the management in the organization pursues and expects of their stakeholders, and how much they want to involve them in the development of the project.Research is necessary while deciding who the stakeholders should be while planning out a project; the management should have people carry out exclusive research to get the best possible stakeholders who will directly be affected by that specific project.Before making a decision on which the stakeholders should be you should try to allocate enough time on stakeholder management to decide on the critical decisions depending on how hard the project goals are, communication time and how much help you will need from the stakeholders to achieve your goals.It’s always important that while planning a project that the relevant people who are directly related to that project must be involved, this is because they are the ones who will make strategic decisions which will directly affe ct the success of the project.Each and every stakeholder should be involved to the extent of the success of that given project.   The management at the same time should not over involve stakeholders in their new project because they may end up interfering with the outcome of the project, only a limited number of stakeholders should be involved in the project.One needs to have a full understanding of the key stakeholders and how they are likely to be affected by the project.   Priority should be given to those that are affected more by the project and least priority to those that will be less affected. They need to communicate with the basic stakeholders so that they can always the part of the project and contribute to the success of the project in the best possible way.In conclusion, it’s important to note that the success of any project will depend on the involvement of all the stakeholders if positive results are to be realized.Maximum positive results can be achieved w hen all the stakeholders management communicates effectively to its important stakeholders incase the are to make any changes of while in progress with the project, the management should not keep changing its stakeholders from time to time because this will lead to inconsistent results due to different ideas contributed from the various stakeholders that will be involved.Reference: Earned Value Project Management, Third Edition by Quentin W. Fleming and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Joel M. Koppelman   

Case Study on School Safety

Case Study on School Safety Melissa Rookard EDD 520 January 24, 2010 Leslie Faught It is evident that schools' policies, programs, practices, physical structure, and teachers are factors internal to the school that determine school safety. These are the only factors that are internal to the school and within fairly complete control of schools. It is these factors that can be reformed and adapted to meet the end result of school safety. School safety is also determined to a very large extent by students, their criminal and other behaviors. Students in turn wear the dual hat of external and internal factors. They are external factors because they are part of the community and are internal factors because they are part of the school and can be disciplined to a certain extent through school policies. There was an incident at Horribly Heard Middle School in Dayton, Georgia. A young man names, Bruce, brought a gun to school and was taken into custody by the Dayton Police Department along with the help of the Department Juvenile Justice. There were many key players in locating the student to insure the school safety. A student was shown the gun and reported to his teacher, Mrs. Daisy. Mrs. Daisy in turn contacted her administrator and asked if he could come to the classroom. Mrs. Daisy, team leader, instructed her team to take the students to the library to check out books. Shortly after, they left an announcement came over the intercom that all students and teachers remain in class until told to dismiss. Teachers were instructed to read their e-mail immediately and follow the instructions laid out in the e-mail. All teachers had to take roll and report any missing children to the front office staff. Mrs. Daisy and her team stayed in the library and check their e-mail in the library. Administrator Bob, Principal Hope, and Resource Officer Life, came to the classroom to search Bruce and taken him into custody if the weapon was indeed on him. Two additional administrators stayed in front of the classroom to ensure no one came down the hall. Office Life took Bruce into custody and he was charged with weapons on school grounds. Once Bruce was taken off school grounds school ran as normally as possible. After school and the students were gone, the staff has an emergency faculty meeting. Principal Hope informed the faculty of the incident today and the student would not return back to school. Student was taken into Juvenile Justice Custody and no one was hurt. The student that told the teacher was also spoke to along with his parents in regards to the incident. They asked that he did not repeat was has happen to ensure students safety and parents concern. Students bring weapons to school more times than we are made aware. At HHMS, faculty and administration communicates well as was able to ensure school safety. Having students stay in the classroom or stopping all movements in the hallways is one way to keep order and asking faculty to take roll immediately and report any missing students via e-mail to front office staff is vital. I believe HHMS handle the situation to the best of their ability. School security is the most common type of activity that administrators should specifically set up to prevent disorder in the school. The most prevalent security strategy used throughout HHMS is various ways to monitor student and non-student movement within the school. The staff and administrators were primarily responsible for this task. To avoid a situation other types of security strategies could be used. Examples, are hiring special security personnel, use of metal detectors, and random searches. Schools should have two basic approaches to rules and procedures. The first approach are teachers tend to deal with all but the most serious discipline problems, including setting punishment and calling parents (if necessary). The second approach tends to deal with small infractions within the classroom and then refer students to an administrator for repeated or more serious infractions. The administrator was responsible for assigning punishment and contacting parents. Regardless of the approach, consistency of rule enforcement emerged as an important issue, especially among students. It is the role of the principal in setting the overall tone in a school when it came to discipline and enforcement of rules. School staff expressed more satisfaction if the principal set clear expectations, communicated regularly with staff, and gave them a voice in school issues.

Causes of Variation

Variation is a result that leads to a difference or deviation (for example, structure, form, function) from the recognised norm or standard. It is a modification in structure, form or function in an organism, deviating from other organisms of the same species or group. There are two types of variation: interspecific variation and intraspecific variation. Interspecific variation is when one species differs from another like mammals differ from fish. These differences are explained through differing ancestries explained by the difference of genetics perhaps due to natural selection. However, intraspecific variation is when members of the same species differ from each other like how there are many different types of cats. This can be mainly explained through mutations.Variation is the result of two main factors: genetic differences and environmental influences. In most cases it is a combination of both factors. Additionally, in asexual reproduction, variety can only occur through mutati ons whereas off springs that have been produced sexually the variety will be more apparent due to the probabilities being higher due to more factors contributing to the cause of variation such as meiosis and fusion of gametes, as well as mutation.Genetic differences are due to the different genes that each individual organism possesses. The differences occur arise in living organisms and change from generation to generation. Genetic variation arises as a result of mutations, meiosis and fusion of gametes. Mutations are changes in DNA that result in the offspring containing different characteristics by the changing of quantity or structure of the DNA.The end result of the process of altering the DNA structure is a different amino acid sequence that leads to a formation of a different polypeptide, and hence a different protein, or no protein being produced at all. So, as proteins are responsible for the characteristics of an organism, it follows that changes to DNA are likely to alter an organisms characteristics. These sudden changes to genes and chromosomes may, or may not be passed onto the next generation.Genetic differences are also explained through meiosis. Meiosis is the process in which four daughter nuclei’s are produced, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It allows the offspring to adapt and survive in the changing world by allowing genetic variation through the independent segregation of homologous chromosomes due to the homologous pairs of chromosomes arranging in a new, random order. Also, the recombination of homologous chromosomes crossing over causes variation. Overall, meiosis mixes up the genetic material before it is passed into the gametes, all of which are therefore different.Lastly, genetic differences are also explained through the fusion of gametes. In sexual reproduction the offspring inherit some characteristics of each parents and are therefore different from both of them. Which gamete fuses with at fe rtilisation is a completely random process that emphasises the variation occurring in the offspring.On the other hand, environmental influences also have a massive input in variation. The environment influences the way in which the genes are expressed. The genes allow certain things to happen whereas the environment determines where each characteristic is utilised. For example, a plant may contain genes that allow it to grow tall however, it is the environment that allow this stage to progress so if the seed germinates for example, the plant will not be able to utilise it’s beneficial characteristics to the highest extent. Examples of environmental influences are: climatic conditions (such as rainfall, temperature and sunlight), soil conditions, food availability and pH.Overall, variation is caused due to a combination of environmental influences and genetic differences. However, it is hard to distinguish between the effects of environmental and genetic so is difficult to dra w conclusions about the causes of variation.

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example The researcher states that in order to achieve and sustain a competitive edge in the market environment, every firm must attempt to achieve consistency in its manufacturing or service delivery in all aspects. Therefore, the firm must identify areas that are necessary for inclusion in the operations management plan; plan on the approach to take in order to achieve the stated objectives; implement the strategy in accordance to the guidelines formulated in the planning stage; monitor the process; and improve by making corrections and adjustments to the process. If a firm can succeed in maintaining the operations management cycle for a sustained long period, then the firm is likely to achieve long term success due to preparedness to keep up and cope with market changes. Market changes include both macroeconomic and microeconomic market changes, both of which have an effect on a firm’s operations. Macroeconomic factors include changes in the aggregate economy of a vast geographical region including political changes; economic changes; social changes; technological changes; ethical changes and legal changes. Economic factors include the effects of the economy on business; social factors include changes in beliefs and perceptions as they relate to the business; technological factors centre the changes that affect the production process. Ethical factors include changes in perceptions of the difference between moral rights or wrongs; and legal factors are aspects of policy and legislation that have direct or indirect effects on the market. Microeconomic factors are the changes that occur in the market or industry and involve stakeholders like customers, suppliers, competitors and the public (Wong and Wong, 2007). A company must endeavour to satisfy the needs of customers, who are the core source of revenue for business; and attract and retain the attention of the public, which is composed of potential customers and investors. In addition, a company should build i ts credit worth to increase the likelihood of obtaining credit from suppliers even in the absence of funds to make cash purchases (Grafton, Lillis and Widener, 2010). The general idea is that a company should strive to align its inner environment with the changes in the outer environment. According to Slack, Chambers and Johnston (2007), a company should identify its level of success in the five main performance indicators including price, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility. This essay highlights the advantages and disadvantages of basing a performance management system on these five operations objectives. Implementation The first step towards implementation of a performance management system based on the five core performance indicators is an analysis of a company’s current performance against the expected performance. The aim of implementing such a system is to narrow down or close the gap between these two phenomena; the strategy being the use of these indicator s to achieve and retain a competitive edge in the face of a rapidly changing market. However, many scholars argue that the system should not be geared on achieving full functionality but a firm should focus on one aspect and do it to its best capacity. Specialisation enables a firm to perfect one aspect of its performance and uses it to outdo the competition in the market; especially by having a competitive edge derived from its effectiveness to achieve the optimal result in a performance indicator. However, using price, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility has merits and demerits (Zeydan and Colpan, 2009). Cost Optimisation of the performance indicator of cost has direct monetary benefits to a firm, as it enables the firm to reduce the cost of production by cutting down on inputs, mainly by adopting the use of cheaper alternatives or by reducing the quantity of input but maintaining the production output. In this case, the firm has the capacity to achieve high profit margi ns due to a higher difference between revenue and expenditure. Moreover, it has

Employee Empowerment at Zappos.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Empowerment at Zappos.com - Essay Example This yields to the employees’ happiness where in turn due to the freedom and numerous benefits they usually enjoy, become loyal and creative in execution of their respective roles. Bearing letter â€Å"Z† on the cheeks even by the CEO erodes that status quo of boss ranking, which belittles the staffs (CBSNews, 2010). Zappos.com empowerment entails urging staffs to deliver â€Å"Wow services†, which implies, which will leave an emotional impact to its clientele (Hsieh, 2010). This calls for creativity and undertaking ordinary tasks with ingenuity besides being innovative, which the firm usually advocates and maintains as its culture. Zappos.com contends that, its services are not average; hence, the employees ought to be more than average and above those of the other firms. The emphasis of the firm to deliver â€Å"Wow services† to their clients with a bit of creative weirdness makes them feel served adequately and to their satisfaction. For instance, over the telephone conversation where the company has no limits when the staffs are assuring the customers of what they are purchasing (Hsieh, 2010). Employees’ application of their marketing knowhow coupled with the creativity of interaction skills especially via the telephone wins the clients’ confidence and trust. This augments their sales contrary to other corporations that have chosen to keep the formal methods (Zappos.com, n.d). Corporations ought to adopt the approach employed by Zappos.com, which has enabled it make a tremendous steps both in its profitability and in position among the most preferred firms by employees. Besides, numerous formal ethics, which studies have advocated, their application in the market field normally do not apply to all enterprises (CBSNews, 2010). Since, satisfying clients’ desires entails free social intermingling online and assurance,

HIS 101 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HIS 101 MOD 3 CA - Essay Example Change is considered to be a phenomenon which is continuous and is bound to continue so long there is life on earth and time variation. Change is a social setting result in the difference in way of social lives and the social phenomena is exhibited constantly. This is so since the society continually experiences civilization and changes in telecommunication and technology and the ways of living. It is evident that human society is wholly governed with values, ethics and rules in every human activity. Therefore, the pattern of response to the changes is what interests the study of technology and social change. Social change is the social institutions and culture throughout time. Social change is usually brought about by a collection of behaviors (Kendall 2004). Since the mobile phone has been widely adopted as a tool for entertainment and communication, this has led to the revolutionization of the society and the redefinition of patterns of social relationships and contacts among individuals. The mobile phones have succeeded in the transformation of daily life of different and many individuals to a great extent that the technology is considered as an agent of social change. Since it is a personalized device, this has made it possible to provide individuals with greater personal freedom. In addition, the mobile technology has distorted the boundary that existed between public and personal life. Besides being used as communication device, the mobile phone is also considered as a fashion tool which has shaped people’s prestige and identity thus resulting to the creation of a subcultur e especially in adolescents. Mobile phones have been used largely to promote social change. Since early 1990s, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been considered to be the powerful tools in strengthening the impacts of the development